1.Ukutsalwa kombhobho
Amanyathelo okuthintela ukungaphumeleli kokubuyela umva:
(1) Yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo lwazo zonke izixhobo zokugrumba phambi kokubaukubhola okuthe tyesebenza, kwaye wenze uhlolo lokufumanisa iziphene (uvavanyo lwe-Y-ray okanye lwe-X-ray, njl.njl.) kwizixhobo ezinkulu zokubhola ezifana nemibhobho yokubhola, ii-reamers, kunye neebhokisi zokudlulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mifantu kwaye amandla ayahlangabezana neemfuno zokwakha.
(2) Ububanzi bokugqibela bokutsalwa kwenkunkuma bungaphezulu kwe-1.5 yepayipi yokutsalwa kwenkunkuma. Ulandelelwano loqhagamshelo lwepayipi yokutsalwa kwenkunkuma: intloko yamandla – ukhuselo lwentloko yamandla – umbhobho wokubhola – i-reamer – ijoyinti ejikelezayo – indandatho enomfanekiso ka-U – intloko yetrektara – umgca oyintloko, onokuqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lwamandla edrill asetyenziswa kumandla okutsala ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsala kwaye kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yokutsala kwenkunkuma. Xa kumiswe ukubhola, isixhobo sokubhola kufuneka siqhagamshelwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ixesha lokumisa kwesixhobo sokubhola emngxunyeni wovavanyo kufuneka lifinyezwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye akufuneki lidlule iiyure ezi-4. Kwimeko yokuma, udaka kufuneka lufakwe emngxunyeni ngamaxesha athile ukugcina ukunyibilika kodaka emngxunyeni.
(3) Ngaphambi kokuba umbhobho urhoxiswe, isixhobo sokugrumba, isixhobo sokugrumba, inkqubo yokuxhasa udaka kunye nezinye izixhobo kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokupheleleyo (kunye neerekhodi zolondolozo nokulungisa eziqhotyoshelweyo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokugrumba kunye nenkqubo yaso yamandla zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Hlamba umbhobho wokugrumba ngodaka ngaphambi kokuba urhoxe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga kumbhobho wokugrumba; Inkqubo yodaka igudile kwaye uxinzelelo lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokurhoxa. Ngexesha lokurhoxa, yenza uvavanyo lokutshiza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlomo wamanzi uvuliwe. Ngexesha lokurhoxa, faka udaka olufanelekileyo ngokweeparamitha zokugrumba, nciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kombhobho wokugrumba kunye nelitye lodonga lomngxuma, yonyusa ukuthambisa kombhobho, yehlisa ubushushu bokungqubana kombhobho wokugrumba, kwaye uqinisekise impumelelo yokurhoxa.
Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba uphahla oluchasene nokugqwala lombhobho alonakali xa umngxuma unwetshwa kwaye utsalwa umva
(1) Xa ugqobhoza umngxuma wokuqhuba, yenza ulwakhiwo ngokweemfuno zoyilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umngxuma wokuqhuba uthambile kwaye uthe tyaba, kwaye uphephe iikona ezigqithisileyo. Xa urhoxa umva, ububanzi be-reamer esetyenzisiweyo bukhulu ngokuphindwe kayi-1.5 kunobubanzi bombhobho wokunqumla ukunciphisa ukumelana nokurhuqa kunye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kokukrwela phakathi kombhobho nodonga lomngxuma.
(2) Yongeza indawo yokuhlanjwa kwemingxunya ukuze ucoce ezinye iziqwenga emngxunyeni kwaye unciphise ukungqubana kombhobho emngxunyeni.
(3) Umlinganiselo wodaka uyatshintsha ngokweemeko zejoloji. Udaka luphathwa ngexesha lokutsalwa, kwaye kongezwa inani elithile le-lubricant ukunciphisa ukumelana kokungqubana phakathi kombhobho kunye nodonga lomngxuma. Ubuninzi bodaka kufuneka bulungiswe nangaliphi na ixesha ngokwemeko yokwenyani. Ngokweenguqu zejoloji, ubuninzi bodaka kunye noxinzelelo kulungiswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye umlinganiselo wodaka usetyenziselwa ukuxhoma umbhobho kudaka ngexesha lokutsalwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ukungqubana.
(4) Emva kokuba ukuphinda kugqitywe, jonga kuqala umbhobho orhuqwayo. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba umaleko ochasene nokugqwala awukho kwaye akukho kuphazamiseka kwezentlalo, ngokweemeko zendawo, umbhobho uxhonywa ngokumba imisele ethumelayo kunye neenqwaba zomhlaba ukukhusela umaleko ochasene nokugqwala wombhobho.
(5) Xa umbhobho utsalwa umva, misela indawo yokuchonga umaleko ochasene nokugqwala kwiimitha ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokuba umbhobho ungene emngxunyeni (okanye ngokwemeko yokwenyani kwindawo leyo), kwaye ulungiselele abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba bacoce umphezulu womaleko ochasene nokugqwala ngaphambi kwendawo yokuchonga, ukuze kube lula kubasebenzi abakwindawo yokuchonga ukusebenzisa ukujonga ukuvuza kwe-EDM ukuba kukho imikrwelo okanye ukuvuza kumaleko ochasene nokugqwala, kwaye ulungise umonakalo ngexesha xa kufunyenwe imikrwelo nokuvuza, ukuze kuthintelwe ukungena emngxunyeni.
2.Indlela yokulinganisa, ukubuyisela kunye
timilinganiselo yokulungiswa kodaka
Ukulungiswa kodaka:
Umlinganiselo wodaka udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yokuwela. Ubunzima bokwakheka kodaka lweprojekthi buza kusekelwa kwimizobo yoyilo kunye nedatha yokukhangela i-geological, ngokwesabelo se-viscosity yodaka eyahlukeneyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kwinkqubo yokumba imingxuma yesikhokelo, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe iipropati ezilungileyo ze-rheological, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthambisa; Ngexesha lokuphinda-phinda, ubunzulu bodaka buya kulungiswa ngokukhethekayo ngokwerekhodi yesikhokelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba udaka lunamandla okuthwala amatye aqinileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kodonga. Kwangaxeshanye, kwinqanaba ngalinye lokwakha isikhokelo, ukuphinda-phinda kunye nokubuyela umva, ngokwedatha yokwenyani, yongeza i-arhente yokuqinisa udonga, i-viscosifier, i-lubricant, i-arhente yokucoca iitshiphusi kunye nezinye ii-arhente ezincedisayo, yonyusa ubunzulu bodaka kunye ne-cementation, yonyusa uzinzo lomngxuma, uthintele ukudilika kodonga lomngxuma, ukuvuza kwe-slurry kunye nezinye izinto, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi ugqitywe kakuhle. Izinto zodaka ikakhulu ziyi-bentonite (enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo), kwaye ulwakhiwo lodaka luxhomekeke kwiimeko zomhlaba ezijongene nazo xa kugrunjwa. Kule projekthi ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka okuphambili, ukulungiswa kodaka lwesalathisi esiphambili.
Ukubuyiselwa kodaka kunye nonyango:
Ukuze kulawulwe ngempumelelo ubungakanani bodaka, kukhuselwe okusingqongileyo, kusetyenziswe udaka olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kusetyenziswe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, kuncitshiswe ukuveliswa kodaka olungcolileyo, kwangaxeshanye kuthintelwe ungcoliseko olumdaka, kusetyenziswe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe unyango lwangaphandle lokusingqongileyo, amanyathelo athile ngala alandelayo:
(1) Khokela udaka olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo olubuya emhlabeni luye kwinkqubo ejikelezayo, kwaye ngetanki ejikelezayo kunye ne-sedimentation, iziqwenga zokubhola ziya kugalelwa ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokuqala sokucoca. Emva kokucoca kokuqala, udaka lungena edamini lodaka ukuze lume. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukuna kwee-particles, kubekwa i-baffle edamini lodaka ukuze kutshintshe indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi kwaye kutshabalalise isakhiwo esidakeni, ukuze kube lula ukuna kwee-cuttings zokubhola.
(2) Cwangcisa abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba bahlole umgca, baqinise umbono wokuhlola, kwaye ukuba kukho indawo yokuvuza kodaka, cwangcisa abasebenzi ukuba bakhe i-cofferdam kwindawo apho udaka luvuza khona ukuze luyibambe kwaye luyisuse ngokukhawuleza, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba udaka lungaphuphumi kwaye ububanzi bodaka bungakhuli. Luqokelelwa luze lutsalwe yilori yetanki luye kwindawo yodaka kwindawo yokwakha.
(3) Emva kokuba ulwakhiwo lugqityiwe, udaka olukwindawo yodaka kwindawo yokwakha lwahlulwe kudaka namanzi, kwaye udaka oluseleyo lwenkunkuma luthuthwa ngaphandle ukuze lukhuselwe okusingqongileyo.
3. Amanyathelo obuchwephesha akhethekileyo
Inkqubo yokuncamathelisa izixhobo zokubhola:
Kwinkqubo yokugrumba ngokwecala, ngenxa yokungalungelelani kwesakhiwo sokwakheka komhlaba, isixhobo sokugrumba sichaphazeleka kakhulu ngamandla okusabela kombhobho wokugrumba emngxunyeni ngexesha lokuphinda-phinda nokubuyisela umva. Ukwanda ngequbuliso koxinzelelo kunokubangela ukungazinzi kwesixhobo sokugrumba kwanokuba ingozi yesixhobo sokugrumba iqengqeleka. Ke ngoko, ukuzinza kwenkqubo yokugrumba yesixhobo sokugrumba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwemava ale projekthi kunye nokwakhiwa kwangaphambili, inkqubo yokugrumba yesixhobo sokugrumba iphuculwe, ngakumbi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Beka i-ankile yomhlaba emngxunyeni, kwaye umgca ophakathi webhokisi ye-ankile yomhlaba uhambelana ne-axis yokunqumla. Umphezulu webhokisi ye-ankile yomhlaba uhambelana nomhlaba wendalo, kwaye iinkcukacha zokumba zebhokisi ye-ankile yomhlaba yi-6m×2m×2m.
(2) I-anchor yomsila etyhubhu ifakwe kwiimitha ezi-6 emva kwebhokisi ye-anchor yomhlaba, kwaye ibhokisi ye-anchor yomhlaba kunye ne-anchor yomsila ziqhagamshelwe ngeentonga zokudibanisa. Emva kokuba i-anchor yomsila iqhagamshelwe, umhlaba uzaliswa ngasemva, kwaye umhlaba ojikeleze i-anchor ucinezelwa ngoomatshini nangokwenziwa. Yandisa amandla okuthwala komhlaba.
(3) Faka ipali enobude obuziimitha ezi-6 kumacala omabini ebhokisi yeankile yomhlaba ukuthintela umzimba oyintloko ukuba ungathambeki.
(4) Faka umbhobho wentsimbi oyi-6×0.8m kwicala ngalinye lepali ukuze wonyuse indawo yoxinzelelo kuyo yonke indawo kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo.
(5) Emva kokufakelwa, ipleyiti yentsimbi kufuneka ibekwe kwinkqubo yokubambelela, kwaye i-rig mayimiswe ngaphezulu kwepleyiti yentsimbi.
Inkampani yeTekhnoloji yeGookma Limitedlishishini le-hi-tech kwaye lenza umvelisi ophambili weumatshini wokugrumba othe tyeeTshayina.
Wamkelekile ukubaunxibelelwanoGookmaukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-15-2023