1.Ukubuyisela umbhobho
Amanyathelo okuthintela ukusilela kokubuyela umva:
(1) Yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo lwazo zonke izixhobo zokomba phambi komsebenzi, kwaye wenze uhlolo lokubona iziphene (i-Y-ray okanye uhlolo lwe-X-reyi, njl. njl.) kwizixhobo ezinkulu zokomba ezifana nemibhobho yokubhobhoza, ii-reamers, kunye neebhokisi zokudlulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhona. akukho zintanda kwaye amandla ahlangabezana neemfuno zokwakha.
(2) Idayamitha yokugqibela yokubuyisela kwakhona i-1.5 amaxesha ombhobho wokutsala umva. Ulandelelwano lokudityaniswa kombhobho wokutsalela umva: intloko yamandla – intloko yokukhusela ingono – umbhobho wokubhobhoza – umbhobho ojikelezayo – ikhonkco elijikelezayo – iringi emise u-U – intloko yetrektara – umgca oyintloko, onokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla amaninzi e-drill asetyenziswa kumandla okutsala ngexesha lenkqubo ye-pullback kwaye uqinisekise ukuphumelela kwe-pullback.Xa uyeka ukugaya, isixhobo sokubhoboza kufuneka sidityaniswe ngokukhawuleza, kunye nexesha lokumisa lokugaya. isixhobo kwi-pilot hong kufuneka ifinyezwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye akufanele idlule iiyure ezi-4.Kwimeko yokuma, udaka luya kugalelwa emngxunyeni ngamaxesha athile ukuze kugcinwe ukumanzi kodaka emngxunyeni.
(3) Phambi kokuba umbhobho utsalwe umva, isixhobo sokomba, isixhobo sokomba, inkqubo yokuxhasa udaka nezinye izixhobo ziya kuhlolwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zilondolozwe (kunye neerekhodi zogcino nokulungiswa kwazo zincanyathiselwe) ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokomba nesixokelelwano sombane sisebenza kakuhle. kwaye isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo.Gubha umbhobho wokomba ngodaka ngaphambi kokuba utsale umva ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto yangaphandle kumbhobho wokomba;Inkqubo yodaka igudileyo kwaye uxinzelelo lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-pullback.Ngexesha lokutsala, qhuba uvavanyo lokutshiza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wamanzi awuvalwanga.Ngexesha lokutsala umva, tofa udaka olufanelekileyo ngokweeparamitha zokomba, unciphise ukukhuhlana phakathi kombhobho wokubhobhoza kunye nelitye lodonga lomngxuma, wandise ukuthanjiswa kombhobho, unciphise ubushushu bokukhuhlana kombhobho wokubhoboza, kwaye uqinisekise impumelelo yokutsala umva.
Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wokunqanda umhlwa awonakaliswa xa umngxuma usandiswa kwaye utsalwe umva.
(1) Xa ubhobhoza umngxuma wokulinga, yenza ulwakhiwo ngokweemfuno zokuyila ukuqinisekisa ukuba umngxuma wokulingwa ugudile kwaye uthe tyaba, kwaye uphephe iikona ezigqithisileyo.Xa urhuqa umva, ububanzi be-reamer esetyenzisiweyo bungaphezu kwamaxesha angama-1.5 bukhulu kunobubanzi bombhobho wokuwela ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukutsala kunye nokunciphisa i-scraping phenomenon phakathi kombhobho kunye nodonga lomngxuma.
(2) Yongeza indawo yokuvasa umngxuma ukucoca ezinye iindawo ezisikwe emngxunyeni kunye nokunciphisa ukukhuhlana kombhobho osemngxuma.
(3) Umlinganiselo wodaka uyatshintsha kunye neemeko zejoloji.Udaka luphathwa ngexesha lokutsalwa, kwaye inani elithile le-lubricant liyongezwa ukunciphisa ukuchasana kwe-friction phakathi kombhobho kunye nodonga lomngxuma.I-viscosity yodaka kufuneka ilungiswe nangaliphi na ixesha ngokweyona meko.Ngokweenguqu ze-geological, i-viscosity yodaka kunye noxinzelelo kulungelelaniswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye umlinganiselo wodaka usetyenziselwa ukumisa umbhobho odakeni ngexesha lokutsalwa kwe-pullback ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana.
(4) Emva kokuba kugqitywe ukuphinda kugqitywe, qala ujonge umbhobho orhuqa ngasemva.Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba i-anti-corrosion layer ilungile kwaye akukho ukuphazamiseka kwentlalo, ngokwemiqathango yesayithi, umbhobho unqunyanyiswa ngokugrumba ukuthumela imisele kunye neemfumba zomhlaba ukukhusela i-anti-corrosion layer of the pipeline..
(5) Xa umbhobho urhuqelwa ngasemva, misela indawo yokukhangela umaleko ochasene nomhlwa kwiimitha ezingama-30 phambi kokuba umbhobho ungene emhadini (okanye ngokweyona meko ikhoyo kwisiza), kwaye ulungiselele abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba bacoce umphezulu wesixhobo sokuchasa umbhobho. i-corrosion layer phambi kwendawo yokubhaqa, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula kubasebenzi kwindawo yokukhangela ukusebenzisa i-EDM yokukhangela ukuvuza ihlola ukuba kukho imikrwelo okanye ukuvuza kwi-anti-corrosion layer, kunye nokulungisa umonakalo ngexesha xa imikrwelo kunye nokuvuza kufunyenwe. , ukuze ugweme ukungena emngxunyeni.
2.Indlela yokulinganisa, ukubuyisela kunye
tamanyathelo okubuyisela udaka
Ukulungiswa kodaka:
Umlinganiselo wodaka udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yokuwela.I-viscosity yoqwalaselo lodaka lweprojekthi iya kusekelwa kwimizobo yoyilo kunye nedatha yokukhangela komhlaba, ngokutsho kokwabiwa kwe-viscosity yodaka eyahlukeneyo yestrata ezahlukeneyo, kwinkqubo yokugrumba imingxuma yesikhokelo, kufuneka iqinisekise iipropati ezilungileyo zerheological, ukusebenza kokuthambisa;Ngexesha lokuhlaziya, i-viscosity yodaka iya kulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhambelana nerekhodi elikhokelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba udaka lunezicucu ezinamandla ezithwele umthamo kunye nokukhuselwa kodonga.Kwangaxeshanye, kwinqanaba ngalinye lokukhokela, ukubuyisela kwakhona kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-backtowing, ngokutsho kwedatha yangempela, yongeza i-ejenti yokuqinisa udonga, i-viscosifier, i-lubricant, i-agent yokucoca i-chip kunye nezinye i-arhente ezincedisayo, ukwandisa i-viscosity yodaka kunye ne-cementation, ukuphucula ukuzinza umngxuma, ukuthintela ukuwa kodonga lomngxuma, ukuvuza kodaka kunye nezinye izinto, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi ogqitywe kakuhle.Izinto zodaka ikakhulu ziyi-bentonite (esingqongileyo), kwaye ukucwangciswa kodaka kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomhlaba ezijongene nazo xa ubhobhoza.Kule projekthi ngokuqulunqwa okuphambili, ukulungiswa kodaka lwesalathisi esiphambili.
Ukubuyisela udaka kunye nonyango:
Ukuze ulawule ngokufanelekileyo isixa sodaka, ukukhusela indalo esingqongileyo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa udaka olunobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo, ukugaywa ngokutsha, umda omkhulu wokunciphisa ukuveliswa kodaka lwenkunkuma, kwangaxeshanye ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kodaka, ukurisayikilishwa kwangaphandle ngexesha elifanelekileyo. unyango lokusingqongileyo, amanyathelo athile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Khokela udaka olulungele imeko-bume olubuya emhlabeni lusiya kwisixokelelwano sokujikeleza, kwaye ngomkhombe ojikelezayo kunye netanki yentlenga, ukusika ukugrumba kuya kunyanzeliswa ukufezekisa isiphumo sokuqala sokucoca.Emva kokuhlanjululwa kokuqala, udaka lugeleza kwidama lodaka ukuze lume.Ukuze kukhawuleziswe imvula yeengqungquthela, i-baffle ifakwe kwi-pool yodaka ukuze itshintshe iphethini yokuhamba kunye nokutshabalalisa isakhiwo edakeni, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuhla kwemvula yokusika i-drilling cuttings.
(2) Cwangcisa abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba bahlole umgca, bomeleze umbono wokuhlola, kwaye ukuba kukho indawo evuzayo enodaka, ququzelela abasebenzi ukuba bakhe i-cofferdam kwindawo apho udaka luvuza ukuze luqulathe kwaye lucocwe ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke njengokuthintela ukuphuphuma kwe-slurry kunye nobubanzi be-slurry ekukhuliseni.Iyaqokelelwa ize itsalwe ngetanki ilori ukuya kumngxuma wodaka kwisiza sokwakha.
(3) Emva kokuba kugqitywe ukwakhiwa, udaka olukumngxuma wodaka olukwindawo yokwakha lwahlulwe kudaka namanzi, yaye inkunkuma eseleyo ithuthelwa ngaphandle ukuze kukhuselwe indawo engqongileyo.
3. Amanyathelo obugcisa akhethekileyo
Inkqubo yokugrumba i-ankile:
Kwinkqubo yokugaya i-directional, ngenxa yokunganyaniseki kwesakhiwo sokwakheka komhlaba, i-drilling rig ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngamandla okuphendula kombhobho wokubhobhoza emngxunyeni ngexesha lokubuyisela kunye nokubuyisela.Ukonyuka ngesiquphe koxinzelelo kunokubangela ukungazinzi kwesixhobo sokomba kunye nengozi yesixhobo sokugrumba esijonge phezulu.Ngoko ke, ukuzinza kwenkqubo ye-anchoring ye-drilling rig kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngokwamava ale projekthi kunye nokwakhiwa kwangaphambili, inkqubo ye-anchoring ye-drilling rig iphuculwe, ngokukodwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Beka i-anchor yomhlaba emhadini, kwaye umgca ophakathi webhokisi ye-anchor yomhlaba uhambelana ne-axis yokuwela.Umphezulu webhokisi ye-ankile ephantsi ugungxulwa ngumhlaba wendalo, kwaye inkcazo yokwembiwa kwebhokisi ye-ankile yomhlaba yi-6m×2m×2m.
(2) I-anchor yomsila we-tubular ifakwe kwiimitha ezi-6 emva kwebhokisi le-anchor ephantsi, kwaye ibhokisi ye-anchor yomhlaba kunye ne-anchor yomsila idibaniswe ngeentonga zokudibanisa.Emva kokuba i-ankile yomsila idityanisiwe, umhlaba ugcwaliswa ngasemva, kwaye umhlaba ojikeleze i-ankile ucinezelwe ngoomatshini kunye nokwenziwa.Yandisa umthamo wokuthwala umhlaba.
(3) Fakela ipali yobude obuziimitha ezi-6 kwicala ngalinye lebhokisi ye-ankile ephantsi ukuze uthintele umzimba oyintloko ekubeni ungathambeki.
(4) Faka umbhobho wensimbi we-6 × 0.8m ekupheleni kwepali ukuze ukwandise indawo yoxinzelelo kuyo yonke indawo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
(5) Emva kofakelo, ipleyiti yensimbi kufuneka ibekwe kwindlela yokubambelela, kwaye i-rig kufuneka imiswe ngaphezu kweplate yensimbi.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-15-2023